| Field | Navigation |
| Went Obsolete | never |
| Made Obsolete By | nothing |
| Knowledge Assumed | Geographic basics. |
| When useful | Anywhere where you cannot fully rely on batteries, software and GPS signals or the cost is prohibitive (Military, as a backup in Emergency Vehicles), or when a GPS device is not readily available |
Using a paper map and possibly a compass to navigate streets or outdoor terrain. Noticeable points of reference are used to more or less exactly estimate or triangulate the current position.